Review of existing frameworks

Ylva's latest version: File:EFW07.xlsx

--> to form the basis of a more comprehensive document - below some initial ideas

1. Introduction

The importance of livestock - Economic: income, draft power, saving, … - Social: energy, proteins, micro-nutrients, cultural standing - Environmental: manure

The “livestock revolution” (growing food demand, including animal sourced food)

Negative externalities + concerns about sustainability of animal sourced food production: Call for sustainable intensification, i.e. without putting limits to future production

Need for environmental assessment Numerous frameworks currently in use

Questions the review seeks to answer:

• What are the most important categories & associated indicators?
• What is currently known and not known on estimating environmental impacts?
• Which methods are used?
• Which of these methods are applicable for ‘rapid’ assessment?
• At which scale are estimates done?

With ultimate aim of: providing guidelines/methods for development agents (governments, donors, NGOs, farmer organisations) to assess potential environmental impacts of their envisioned development interventions

• (minimum) data collection guidelines
• Visual output for key dimensions

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xxx: something similar for fish xxx: check with Epi and co. about their SDM for TZ dairy value chain

3. Environmental impacts of livestock and fish value chains

3.1 Main categories

Resource use

1. Water
2. Land
3. Soil
4. Energy
5. Nutrients

Waste output

1. Water quality
2. Waste

GHG emissions Biodiversity loss

3.2 Impacts along the value chain

Focus where we expect most important/highest impact?

3.3 Heterogeneity in space and time

Dependent on farming system, bio-physical and socio-economic context --> need for stratification/typology

4. Current methods for assessments

4.1 frameworks, indicators, methods

See Ylva’s excel files Add on from Simon’s LCA review

5. A potential way forward

5.1 Step-wise procedure

DATA INPUT (users) 1. Stratification/typology 2. Provide input data for each of the strata (default values and/or ranges to be provided) 3. Describe interventions

OUTPUT 4. Impact assessment for each of the strata 5. out-scaling??? --> result: visualization of overall impact along different dimensions for each of the strata (potentially color-coded: green/orange/red)

5.2 Framework components

1. Value chain activities
2. Dimensions of environmental impact
3. Spatial scales
4. Time steps

5.3 Stratification

Define the different "farm types" to be found in your region of interest. Farm types are defined in terms of the natural resource base and farming system. They are assumed to exhibit similar impacts.

- Natural resource base + limiting resources + acceptable boundaries (extracted from secondary spatial data and policies/regulations/context-specific guidelines) - Farming system (based on HH survey and/or expert opinion)

EXAMPLE MAP: intensification index overlaid with landcover map? (pastoral, agro-pastoral, extensive mixed, semi-intensive mixed, intensive mixed) OR Birthe??

5.4 Dimensions of environmental impact x spatial and temporal scales

For each of the impact dimensions indicators are defined + method for calculation/assessment in-built (following stock&flows from above)

EXAMPLE: Simons' matrix